Does the Defection of 21 Kano Assembly Members Trigger Seat Forfeiture Under Section 109(1)(g) | Isah Bala Garba

by Legalnaija | Jan 29, 2026 | Blawg

Is the Defection of 21 Members of the Kano State House of Assembly an Automatic Forfeiture of Their Seats in the Light of Section 109(1)(g) of the Constitution?’

Sequence to the rift between Abba Kabir Yusuf and his political godfather, Senator Rabi’u Musa Kwankwaso, Abba Kabir Yusuf (the Governor of Kano state) was widely reported to have resigned his membership from the New Nigeria People’s Party (NNPP), the platform that brought him to power. This move was tagged by many as political betrayal and consequently generated public uproar across Kano State and beyond.

However, the uproar assumed a more complex legal colouration when, on the 26th day of January 2026, SaharaReporters reported that twenty-one (21) members of the Kano State House of Assembly had openly declared their defection from the NNPP to the All Progressives Congress (APC). This report was not speculative; as it was supported by a 4 minutes 16 seconds video, circulated widely which can be accessed at the SaharaReporter’s twitter handle, in which the said members, speaking in Hausa language, unequivocally announced their defection at the floor of the House.

While defection by a Governor has settled constitutional implications (or lack thereof), the same cannot be casually said of members of a legislative house. Therefore, the development raises certain legal questions: What happens where members of a House of Assembly defect to a political party that did not sponsor their election?

Does such defection automatically result in loss of seat?

These are the questions this article seeks to address in a few paragraphs below:

Starting with: A Defection to a political party is a process whereby a politician abandons the political party that sponsored him to office and joins another political party not as a result of a division or merger of parties.

The Supreme Court authoritatively defined defection. In R.S.H.A. v. Govt., Rivers State (2025) 7 NWLR (Pt. 1990) 591, the Court held:

‘The word ‘defection’ is synonymous with abandonment, desertion, apostasy, renunciation and rejection. In Politics, defection occurs when a person or group changes their membership from one Political Party to another.’

(Pp. 680-681, paras. H-C)

Importantly, defection is not speculative nor cosmetic. It must be proven. The Supreme Court further evinced in the same case that:

‘Defection is an active term. It manifests itself. It cannot be left to conjecture… For a person or group of persons to be said to have defected, the Political party from which they defected must, at least, be aware of such defection, and the political party where they defected to must also have evidence of their new members.’

(Pp. 681-682, paras. E-D)

Therefore, waving flags on television or issuing public declarations without acknowledgment by the receiving party does not, in law, amount to defection properly so called.

Going further, the law is settled that a President, Vice-President, Governor or Deputy Governor may defect without any constitutional consequence to their tenure. Such defection does not and cannot lead to forfeiture of office. This position is not the core of this discourse and needs no further elaboration here, as such, I say no more on this. However, members of the National Assembly and State Houses of Assembly stand on a different constitutional footing, Sections 68(1)(g) and 109(1)(g) respectively. Section 109(1)(g) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended) provides:

‘A member of a House of Assembly shall vacate his seat in the House if…

being a person whose election to the House was sponsored by a political party, he becomes a member of another political party before the expiration of the period for which that House was elected.’

Sections 68(1)(g) of the Constitution provides the same for defected members of the National Assembly, as such, no harm will be done if it’s not reproduced hereunder.

Per Mohammed, CJN held in Abegunde v. O.S.H.A. (2015) 8 NWLR (Pt. 1461) 314 that:

‘The provisions of section 68(1)(g) [In the instance case section 109(1)(g)] of the Constitution are very clear that the appellant… shall vacate his seat… when being a person whose election… was sponsored by a political party, he becomes a member of another political party before the expiration of the period for which that House was elected.’

The question now is: is the Loss of Seat Automatic? This is where public sentiment often parts ways with constitutional reality.

Although Section 109(1)(g) prescribes forfeiture of seat, it is not self-executing.

The Supreme Court settled this beyond controversy in R.S.H.A. v. Govt., Rivers State (Supra) where NWOSU-IHEME, JSC held:

‘The only competent authority to declare the seat of a member vacant for defection is the legislature to which he or she belongs…SECTION 109(1)(G) OF THE 1999 CONSTITUTION IS NOT SELF-EXECUTING. THE ALLEGATION OF DEFECTION MUST BE PRESENTED BEFORE THE HOUSE IN SESSION. IF THE HOUSE IS SATISFIED THAT A MEMBER HAS DEFECTED, IT DECLARES HIS OR HER SEAT VACANT.’(Pp. 682-683, paras. H-E)[Capitalizations mine, for emphasis]

Put differently, defection does not operate automatically to vacate a seat. There must first be a legislative proceeding by the House such a member belong, and it’s the House that will declare the office vacant.

The Kano State House of Assembly has 24 members. Before this development, 3 members were already APC members, while the remaining 21 were elected on the NNPP platform, from which the Speaker and Deputy Speaker emerged.

With the defection of the 21 members, the practical question arises:

Does Kano State now have only three ‘competent’ lawmakers? The answer is a resounding NO. Because first, the allegation of defection must be tabled before the House. Second, it is only the House, sitting in plenary, that can determine whether defection has occurred and declare seats vacant. However, in this instance, the Speaker and Deputy Speaker are themselves part of the alleged defectors. The remaining three members are neither Speaker nor Deputy Speaker and Section 95(2) of the Constitution provides that where the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker are vacant or absent, members shall elect one among themselves to preside. The practical difficulty here is obvious:

Who elects whom among three members for the purpose of questioning the defection of twenty-one others?

This makes the situation legally and practically impossible.

One may, however, say that: can’t the Court intervene instead?The answer is equally settled, as the Supreme Court has consistently held that membership of a political party is an internal affair. In R.S.H.A. v. Govt., Rivers State (Supra), the Court reaffirmed:

‘Membership of a political party is a matter that is strictly within the domestic affairs of the political party and the courts have no jurisdiction to determine who the members of a political party are.’

Therefore, neither the Governor, nor any public office holder whatsoever, nor members of the public can validly approach the court to challenge the alleged defection where the House itself has not deliberated on it. After all, in the instant case, it is almost the entire membership of the House that is affected, thereby making deliberation practically impossible, as there are no members remaining to table the alleged defection, nor are there members to receive and deliberate upon it.

In conclusion, from the foregoing authorities and constitutional provisions, one conclusion stands firm: Defection by members of a House of Assembly does not automatically result in loss of seat.

There must be a legislative proceeding, duly conducted by the House, culminating in a declaration of vacancy. In the absence of such proceedings and given the peculiar paralysis within the Kano State House of Assembly, the twenty-one members remain, in the eyes of the law, valid members of the Kano State House of Assembly.Until the House speaks, the Constitution remains unoffended. And on this: I say no more, hoping I have passed the massage.

__________________________________________

Isah Bala Garba is a level 300 student from Faculty of Law, Bayero University, Kano. He can be reached for comments or corrections on: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/isah-bala-garba-301983276 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/isah.bala.garba

isahbalagarba05@gmail.com or on 08100129131

Senior Advocate Yemi Akangbe Decries Lawyer’s Death, Urges Justice and Police Overhaul

by Legalnaija | Jan 21, 2026 | Blawg

Lagos, Nigeria – The Nigerian legal community has been thrown into mourning following the reported killing of Mr. Peter Ihiemekpen, Esq., a member of the Nigerian Bar. The incident, alleged to involve a police officer, has sparked outrage and renewed calls for accountability within law enforcement.

In a press statement, Lateef Omoyemi Akangbe, SAN, former Chairman of the NBA Lagos Branch, described the killing as “a painful and disturbing incident” that should concern not only the legal profession but all citizens who value human life and the rule of law.

“When a life is taken in circumstances alleged to involve a police officer, the issue goes beyond personal tragedy. It becomes a public matter that tests our commitment to accountability and justice,” Akangbe said.

He emphasized that while reports indicate the officer involved is in custody, justice requires more than an arrest. “It requires a careful, transparent, and credible investigation that allows the truth to emerge and reassures the public that the process is not compromised,” he added.

Akangbe called for the immediate establishment of an independent panel of investigation to examine the incident fully and openly. He stressed that where wrongdoing is established, prosecution must follow in accordance with the law.

The Senior Advocate also highlighted the urgent need for meaningful police reforms, focusing on professionalism, restraint, and respect for human dignity. “A society that truly values life must show it through action. Justice for Mr. Peter Ihiemekpen is not only about addressing one tragic loss, but about affirming the kind of country we want to be,” he concluded.

The Nigerian Bar Association is expected to issue further statements as investigations progress.

HYBRID MODELS IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN COMPLEX CASES | Ajiboye Nathaniel Adebayo

by Legalnaija | Jan 16, 2026 | Blawg

PREAMBLE

Imagine a construction project in Lagos, with five contractors, each from different jurisdictions. A dispute arises over delays and cost overruns. In one of the situations, the arbitration clause kicks in but halfway through the parties realize that they need some sort of interim judicial relief to freeze assets, and at the same time exploring mediation as a way to preserve commercial relationships. By the time the arbitral tribunal is prepared, the dispute has splintered into other court arbitration and mediation proceedings, each proceeding at its own speed, costing each millions[1]. The attempt to create order is yet another site of war.

This is where hybrid models of dispute resolution hold the most promise. Hybrids offer a flexible and less expensive means of coping with the increasing complexity of commercial transactions by incorporating the strengths of litigation, arbitration, mediation and expert determination. Yet, while these models are the future of dispute resolution, these models also raise thorny legal and procedural questions about enforceability, fairness and compatibility with existing legal frameworks.

This essay explores the potential and the pitfalls of hybridizations, particularly, whether hybridization is a viable prospect within Nigeria’s developing dispute resolution marketplace.

NATURE OF HYBRID MODELS IN DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Hybrid models are processes that blend two or more forms of dispute resolution within one process, either occurring sequentially or simultaneously, in order to improve efficiency, fairness and enforceability. They are born out of the understanding that litigation, arbitration or mediation alone cannot respond to the needs of every dispute.

 Types of Hybrids

The hybrid ones have included the most recognized of these models:

1. Med-Arb: where mediation is attempted first, and if mediation fail, the case proceeds to arbitration.
2. Arb-Med-Arb: becoming popular in Singapore and Hong Kong, arbitration is initiated, mediation is attempted, and if mediation is unsuccessful, arbitration picks up where it left off.
3. Lit-Arb: courts and arbitral tribunals working in tandem, usually for interim measures, but also for recognition of awards, and joinder of non-signatories.
4. Multi-tier clauses: sometimes require negotiation → mediation → arbitration/litigation as a condition precedent to each step up the ladder.

Legal Recognition

Internationally, these models are backed up by instruments such as the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration[2], the New York Convention of 1958[3] and, more recently, the Singapore Convention on Mediation of 2019[4].

In Nigeria, the new Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023 (AMA) has made mediation and hybrid processes a central feature of the law, enabling for example, in Section 67, the enforceability of settlement agreements resulting from mediation[5]. The Act is consistent with international standards[6] and has provided Nigeria the opportunity to begin incorporating hybrid processes into its commercial dispute resolution culture[7].

 Opportunities of Hybrid Models in Complex Commercial Cases

The hybrid form of dispute resolution has a number of distinctive strengths, especially in a time when a commercial dispute has moved from a single linear dispute to rather a multi-factored potential conflict involving cross-border trade, digital assets, and technical partnerships.

1. Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness: One of the most lauded advantages of hybrid models like Med-Arb is the ability to blend the expediency of mediation with the finality of arbitration[8].
2. Flexibility for Complex, Multi-Party Disputes: Hybrid processes are very well suited to technical disputes involving multiple stakeholders. These hybrids enable parties to work through temporary complicating technical details in a non-adversarial way before they must enter into adversarial decision-making[9].
3. Preservation of commercial relationships: in Nigeria’s commercial ecosystem, networks and reputation are frequently more valuable than the contract itself, the hybrid process’s incorporation of mediation makes it possible for relationships to not be irreparably damaged[10].
4. Enforceability in International Frameworks: Nigeria, having ratified the 1958 New York Convention, subject to enforcement as an arbitral award is that Nigeria acceded to it in 1970. In addition, as the Singapore Convention on Mediation, which Nigeria has signed but not yet ratified, is expected to enter into force soon, mediated settlements may increasingly gain international enforceability[11].
5. Institutional Development and Nigeria’s Arbitration Hub Aspirations: Hybrid dispute clauses are increasingly being adopted in model rules by relevant institutions[12]. This makes Nigeria now positioned as the natural centre for the resolution of a Africa continent wide commercial disputes under AfCFTA giving local and foreign investors greater confidence with hybrid processes[13].

CHALLENGES OF HYBRID MODELS IN COMPLEX COMMERCIAL CASES

Although hybrid dispute resolution mechanisms can work enormously well, there are legal, cultural, and institutional barriers to hybrid dispute resolution in Nigeria and across Africa.

1. Concerns About Neutrality: On a scale of neutrality and role conflicts such as Med-Arb, the same individual is often criticised for being both mediator and arbitrator[14].
2. Absence of Clear Legislative Framework: AMA is silent on hybrid models, therefore, this legal uncertainty discourages parties from creating Med-Arb clauses in contracts with doubt about the legality and recognition provided by Nigerian courts[15].
3. Judicial Attitudes and Enforcement Risks: In recent years, some courts have been interventionist with arbitration. Without judicial buy-in, hybrid settlements may have resistance in enforcement[16].
4. Cultural Resistance and Awareness Gaps: Hybrid systems can be viewed as “experimental” or less legitimate. Lawyers often resist mediation stages, noting the impact they have upon professional fees. This cultural challenge remains the most daunting obstacle to hybrid adoption[17].

Judicial and Practical Considerations for Nigeria

There are some judicial and practical realities that must be grappled with, for hybrid systems to flourish as part of the Nigerian dispute resolution landscape. AMA has established the paradigm of ADR as modern, but it is mute on hybrids and thus leaves much room for judicial creativity and legislative tweaking.

1. The Role of the Nigerian Judiciary

The courts remain the arbiters of enforceability. It follows that Nigerian judges must:

• Recognize Med-Arb/Arb-Med Clauses as Enforceable: In Mekwunye v. Imoukhuede, the Court reaffirmed the sanctity of arbitration agreements, but said nothing about hybrids[18]. A progressive attitude that extends this deference to Med-Arb clauses is crucial.
• Ensure Confidentiality Protections: Courts must develop jurisprudence to allay parties concerns that confidential mediation disclosures could taint arbitration. Comparative practice from the Hong Kong courts who require written waivers prior to a mediator being able to act as an arbitrator provides a workable Nigerian adaptation[19].

2. The Legislature and Hybrid Gaps

AMA, though a positive development in this respect, does not codify these hybrid models. A future amendment could look to:

• Singapore’s Med-Arb framework that explicitly provides rules for the transition from mediation to arbitration[20].
• China’s CIETAC Arbitration Rules re-institutionalize Arb-Med-Arb as a dominant path, demonstrating the success of hybrids when they supported by legislation[21].
• Codification would provide certainty to parties and courts and would incentivize corporate actors to use these clauses in contracts.

Comparative Insights and Global Lessons

The various jurisdictions that have tried Med-Arb, Arb-Med and Arb-Med-Arb contain lessons that Nigeria can learn from in bolstering her commercial dispute resolution landscape.

1. Singapore: Institutional Innovation

Singapore is at the forefront of hybrid processes internationally, primarily because of the Arb-Med-Arb Protocol (2014) it has established by collaboration between the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) and the Singapore International Mediation Centre (SIMC). Within this system:

• Arbitration is initiated, only to be diverted to mediation.
• If mediation succeeds, the settlement can be transformed into a consent award that is enforceable under the New York Convention (1958).
• In case the mediation does not succeed, arbitration will continue where it left[22].

2. China: Cultural and Institutional Acceptance

In China Arb-Med is embedded in the rules of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC). Arbitration cases regularly recommend mediation. If the mediation is successful, the result can be recorded as an arbitral award.

China’s success is underpinned by two factors:

• A cultural Confucian bias towards harmony and compromise[23].
• State support in the form of legal and institutional frameworks.

3. Hong Kong: Judicial Caution

The courts in Hong Kong, in particular, have taken a more conservative approach when it comes to neutrality issues in Med-Arb. In Gao v. Keeneye, the court disallowed a Med-Arb settlement award because the mediator/arbitrator had obtained confidential information during the mediation process that interfered with his neutrality[24].

4. European Union: Encouraging but Fragmented

ADR is also promoted at the EU level through the European Directive on Mediation (2008/52/EC), which encourages courts and other institutions to refer cases to mediation. But, the EU has not cemented hybrid models into the region, it is still left to the individual member states.

5. United States: Pragmatism in Hybrids

Med-Arb in the United States is becoming more popular in labor disputes and complicated commercial disputes. Court supervised settlements, such as those in United States v. Miami exemplify this combination of mediation and enforceable adjudication[25].

 Lessons for Nigeria

AMA provides a timely legal umbrella that can accommodate the embedding of hybrid models. But, global lessons need to be translated into practice within Nigeria:

• From Singapore

As Singapore has done, Nigeria may consider incorporating Arb-Med-Arb into the various rules and regulations of its institutions, starting with the oil & gas, maritime, and fintech disputes where there is a strong need for cross-border enforceability.

• From China

Just as in the Arb-Med model[26], it is generally elders who fill the role of mediator and judge in Yoruba and Igbo conflict resolution.

The AMA can build on this by formally incorporating community mediation practices into institutional ADR and ensuring enforceability.

• From Hong Kong

The Gao Haiyan case warns against impartiality risks where the mediator become arbitrator. The Nigerian government can prevent this by: Amending institutional rules to require written consent from parties before a mediator can act as an arbitrator in the same dispute.

 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NIGERIA

The potential for hybrid solutions to the resolution of commercial disputes lies in a joint undertaking by institutions.

1. Judiciary

• Develop Precedent on Hybrids: Just as in United World Ltd v. MTS Ltd, courts have upheld the autonomy of the arbitral process, they should also explicitly grant the same recognition they give to consent awards achieved through arbitration to those achieved through mediation[27].
• Issue Practice Directions: Like the Federal High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules, old practice directions could be introduced to aid in recognition and enforcement of hybrid outcomes.
• Training Judicial Officers

2. Legislature

• Codify Arb-Med-Arb Procedures: Similar to Singapore, the National Assembly should pass additional regulations strictly addressing Arb-Med-Arb procedures to provide clarification about neutrality and enforceability.
• Sector-Specific Hybrid Rules: Laws regulating maritime (NIMASA Act), oil and gas (Petroleum Industry Act)[28], and fintech could expressly provide for hybrid dispute resolution for sectoral disputes.
• Budgetary Support

3. Executive

• Policy Framework: The Federal Ministry of Justice can publish a National ADR Policy in which Arb-Med-Arb is made compulsory for federal contracts of a certain value.
• Capacity-Building
• Public-Private Partnerships: the executive can promote PPPs to fund ADR centres with hybrid panels in order to lessen the backlog resulting from government related disputes.

4. Private Enterprises

• Insert Hybrid Clauses
• Support Institution Building
• Cost Saving Incentives

CONCLUSION

Commercial disputes are the lifeblood of economic life and the mode in which they are settled often determines economic life or death for businesses. Nigeria stands at a critical juncture, litigation has been too rigid, arbitration and mediation have offered alternatives but neither alone is sufficient for the complexity of the modern cross border commerce. The hybrid model, combining the certainty and finality of arbitration with the flexibility of mediation, provides a compromise which is consistent with international best practices and Nigeria’s own participatory and consensus-oriented culture.

If Nigeria dares to take action now, it will not only attract investor’s confidence but export dispute resolution expertise across Africa. In ten years, the Lagos Arb-Med-Arb Protocol could be as much a point of reference globally as the Singapore Convention is.

[1] Gary Born, International Commercial Arbitration (3rd edn, Kluwer 2021) 54

[2] UNCITRAL, Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (2006, with amendments)

[3] New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958)

[4] United Nations, Singapore Convention on Mediation (2019)

[5] Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023 (Nigeria), s 67

[6] By ALF, “A Review of the Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023: Charting A New Course In Nigeria.– Alliance Law Firm” https://alliancelawfirm.ng/a-review-of-the-arbitration-and-mediation-act-2023-charting-a-new-course-in-nigeria/#:~:text=The%202023%20Act%2C%20according%20to,Nigerian%20alternative%20dispute%20resolution%20practice. accessed October 1, 2025

[7] “The Nigerian Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023: A Comparison with the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 2004 and Global Practices” (International Bar Association) https://www.ibanet.org/the-nigerian-arbitration-and-mediation-act-2023#:~:text=The%20enactment%20of%20the%20Arbitration,permitting%20third%2Dparty%20funding%20arrangements. accessed October 1, 2025

[8] Born, G., International Arbitration and Forum Selection Agreements (Kluwer Law 2021) 233

[9] Centre VM, “UNDERSTANDING HYBRID ADR ” (VIA Mediation Centre) https://viamediationcentre.org/readnews/ODM4/UNDERSTANDING-HYBRID-ADR accessed October 1, 2025

[10] OB Akinola: Mediation, Conciliation and the Construction Industry in Nigeria: Catalysts or Clogs? African Journal of Law, Ethics, & Education [AJLEE] Vol. 8, No. 3 (2025) https://ajleejournal.com [ISSN: 2756 -6870]

[11] United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (Singapore Convention, 2019)

[12] such as the Lagos Court of Arbitration and the Nigerian Institute of Chartered Arbitrators

[13] Nigerian Institute of Chartered Arbitrators, Model Arbitration Rules 2023 (NICArb, Lagos)

[14] Stipanowich T, “‘Switching Hats’: Developing International Practice Guidance for Single-Neutral Med-Arb, ArbMed, and Arb-Med-Arb — International Mediation Institute” (International Mediation Institute, May 4, 2021) https://imimediation.org/2021/05/04/switching-hats-developing-international-practice-guidance-for-single-neutralmed-arb-arb-med-and-arb-medarb/#:~:text=Concerns%20Regarding%20Mixed%20Roles,to%20enforce%20a%20final%20award accessed October 1, 2025

[15] Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023 (Nigeria), esp. Parts I & III

[16] Mekwunye v. Imoukhuede (2019) 13 NWLR (Pt 1690) 439 (SC)

[17] Okorie C and Okorie K, “ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES” (unknown, April 12, 2024) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379759340_ALTERNATIVE_DISPUTE_RESOLUTION_IN_NIGERIA_ISSUES_AND_CHALLENGES#:~:text=adjournments%2C%20and%20inadequate%20manpower%2C%20which,challenges%20associated%20with%20court%20litigations. accessed October 1, 2025

[18] Mekwunye v. Imoukhuede (2019) 13 NWLR (Pt 1690) 439 (SC)

[19] Gao Haiyan v. Keeneye Holdings (2011) HKCFI 2401 — Hong Kong Court of First Instance on Med-Arb neutrality

[20] Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) & Singapore International Mediation Centre (SIMC) Arb -MedArb Protocol 2014

[21] China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) Arbitration Rules (2015), Article 47

[22] SIAC & SIMC Arb-Med-Arb Protocol, 2014

[23] Ali, Shahla F., The Legal Framework for Med-Arb Developments in China: Recent Cases, Institutional Rules and Opportunities (October 18, 2016). Dispute Resolution International, DRI 119. PP. 119 -132, 2016 , Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3216252

[24] Gao Haiyan v. Keeneye Holdings (2011) HKCFI 2401

[25] United States v. City of Miami, 664 F.2d 435 (5th Cir. 1981)

[26] OGBOBE S S ‘The Roles Of Elders In Alternative Dispute Resolution: Nigeria In Context’ NOUN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION [NIJPCR] VOL. 2, NO. 2, AUGUST, 2022

[27] Lagos Multi-Door Courthouse Annual Report 2021

[28] Petroleum Industry Act 2021

Ajiboye Nathaniel Adebayo is a 300 Level student of University of Ilorin. His email: ajiboyenathanieladebayo@gmail.com

Over 50 Books To Include In Your Law Firm’s Library

by Legalnaija | Jan 16, 2026 | Blawg

A well‑stocked law firm library is more than just a collection of books—it is the intellectual backbone of practice. Whether your firm specializes in Dispute Resolution or Commercial Law, the right resources can sharpen expertise, support client service, and keep practitioners ahead of evolving legal trends. At Legalnaija Bookstore, we believe every firm should curate its shelves with texts that reflect its practice focus.

For Dispute Resolution Experts

Dispute resolution requires mastery of negotiation, arbitration, and litigation strategies. Practitioners benefit from books that combine practical guidance with theoretical depth. In this book bundle for Dispute Resolution and Litigation experts, we have over 27 books, essential titles include;

1. Casebook on Criminal Law by A.M. Adewale
2. Evidence Act 2011
3. High Court Civil Procedure Rules
4. Principles of Criminal Law
5. Principles of Evidence by T. Akinola Aguda
6. Criminal Law Annotated with Cases
7. Introduction to Criminal Law by Chris Ugwueze
8. Principles Governing Bail in Nigeria
9. Human Rights and Enforcement of Criminal Law
10. The Process and Practice of Dispute Resolution and Arbitration in Nigeria
11. Alternative Dispute Resolution and Arbitration in Nigeria
12. Legal Research and Writing in Nigeria
13. Basic Concepts in Legal Research Methodology
14. Casebook on Criminal Law
15. Nigerian Criminal Law in Perspective –
16. Practical Approach to Civil and Criminal Litigation in Nigeria
17. Evidence Law Clinic
18. Criminal Evidence in Nigeria
19. How to Recover Properties of Dead Relations
20. Introduction to Evidence Law in Nigeria
21. Personal Injury Law
22. Modern Customary Court in Nigeria
23. Modern Law of Evidence and Appellate Practice in Nigeria
24. Essays on Criminal Justice
25. Criminal Investigation and Prosecution Proceedings
26. Landlord and Tenants under Nigerian Laws
27. Arbitration Law: Practice & Procedure

These resources equip dispute resolution lawyers with the tools to manage conflicts efficiently, whether in courtrooms or at the negotiation table. You can order this bundle of books here.

For Commercial Law Experts

Commercial law practitioners navigate contracts, corporate governance, and regulatory compliance. Their libraries should emphasize texts that provide clarity on transactional practice and business law. In this bundle for commercial law experts, the list of books includes;

1. Commercial Law in Nigeria – Carriage of goods by sea
2. Financial Regulation Act
3. Explaining and Understanding Corporate Governance in Banks and other Financial Institutions
4. Insurance Law in Nigeria
5. Principles and Practice of the Law of Contract in Nigeria
6. Vera’s Law of Contract
7. Enforcement of Income Taxes
8. Introduction to Company Laws and practice in Nigeria
9. Company Law and practice in Nigeria
10. Data protection Act
11. Hire Purchase Act
12. Investment & Securities Act
13. Commercial Law in Nigeria: Sale of Goods
14. Commercial Law in Nigeria: Hire Purchase and Equipment Leasing
15. Business Law 1
16. Business Law 2
17. Company Regulations 2021
18. Tax Laws in Nigeria
19. Companies and Allied Matters Act
20. Fundamentals of Maritime, Admiralty and International Water Law.
21. Legal drafting, conveyancing law, Wills and practice
22. Modern Approaches to Intellectual Property Law in Nigeria
23. Practice and Recovery in Nigerian Law
24. Public Procurement Law
25. Tourism, Travels, Entertainment and Hospitality Law.
26. Compendium Of Consumer Protection in Nigeria

These books help commercial law experts provide sound advice to businesses, investors, and corporate clients. You can also order this set of books here.

Why Your Library Matters

A law firm’s library is not just about prestige—it is about preparedness. Dispute resolution experts rely on authoritative texts to argue persuasively and settle disputes effectively. Commercial law experts depend on them to structure transactions and safeguard clients’ interests. By curating your library through Legalnaija Bookstore, you ensure access to resources that match your practice focus and elevate your firm’s intellectual capital.

Plus we deliver nationwide. For more information and enquiries, please call or text Legalnaija on 09029755663 or send an email to hello@legalnaija.com , you can also visit our bookstore on www.legalnaija.com/store

⚖️ 7 Things Lawyers Need To Do To Stay Relevant in 2026

by Legalnaija | Jan 4, 2026 | Blawg

As lawyers across Nigeria prepare to return to work on Monday, 5th January, the start of a new year is always a good time to reflect on how we can remain relevant in a rapidly evolving legal landscape. The profession is changing — technology, client expectations, and global trends are reshaping the way we practice. Staying ahead requires intentional effort.

Here are 7 things lawyers should focus on in 2026:

1. Embrace Legal Tech
   Digital tools are no longer optional. From e-filing systems to AI-assisted research, lawyers who leverage technology will deliver faster and more efficient services.
2. Sharpen Commercial Awareness
   Clients expect lawyers to understand not just the law, but the business context. Stay informed about industry trends, economic policies, and market shifts.
3. Invest in Continuous Learning
   Laws evolve, and so must we. Attend trainings, webinars, and conferences. Platforms like Legalnaija provide resources that keep you updated on Nigerian legal developments.
4. Build a Strong Online Presence
   Thought leadership matters. Share insights on LinkedIn, publish articles, and engage in online discussions. Visibility builds credibility.
5. Prioritize Client-Centric Practice
   Beyond technical expertise, clients value responsiveness, empathy, and clear communication. Make client satisfaction a cornerstone of your practice.
6. Network Strategically
   Relationships remain the lifeblood of the profession. Connect with peers, mentors, and industry leaders. Collaborations often open doors to new opportunities.
7. Adapt to Global Standards
   Nigerian lawyers increasingly operate in a globalized market. Familiarize yourself with international best practices, cross-border transactions, and comparative legal systems.

2026 will reward lawyers who are proactive, adaptable, and innovative. By embracing these strategies, you can position yourself not just to survive, but to thrive in the evolving legal profession.

For more insights and resources tailored to Nigerian lawyers, follow Legalnaija — your trusted companion for staying informed and relevant in today’s legal world.

Turning Directory Inquiries Into Real Clients 🚀

by Legalnaija | Jan 2, 2026 | Blawg

Hello Legalnaija Family,

Getting a message from a potential client through the Legalnaija Directory is always exciting — but how you respond can make all the difference between a one‑off chat and a lasting relationship. Here are some simple but powerful tips to keep in mind:

Best Ways To Respond To Client Inquiries

• Reply quickly: A prompt response shows professionalism and builds trust. Even if you don’t have all the answers yet, acknowledge the inquiry.
• Be clear and concise: Clients appreciate straightforward communication. Avoid too much jargon — explain things in plain language.
• Show empathy: Remember, most people reach out because they have a pressing issue. A little understanding goes a long way.
• Offer value upfront: Share a quick insight, a next step, or a resource. It positions you as helpful and knowledgeable.
• Set expectations: Let them know what happens next — whether it’s a consultation, a document review, or a follow‑up call.
• Stay professional: Keep your tone warm but professional. You’re building trust from the very first message.

Bonus Tip

Always end your response with an invitation to continue the conversation — e.g., “Would you like us to schedule a quick call to discuss this further?” That small nudge can turn an inquiry into a real engagement.

At Legalnaija, we want every inquiry to be an opportunity for you to shine. The more responsive and approachable you are, the more likely clients are to choose you over someone else.

Keep building those connections, and let’s keep raising the bar for legal practice in Nigeria.

Warm regards,
The Legalnaija Team

How to Connect and Engage with Lawyers on the Legalnaija Directory

by Legalnaija | Dec 19, 2025 | Blawg

The Legalnaija Directory is more than just a list of names—it’s a bridge to trusted legal professionals across Nigeria. Whether you’re seeking advice on property transactions, corporate matters, or family issues, knowing how to connect and engage with lawyers effectively can make all the difference. Here’s a practical guide to help you navigate the platform and build meaningful professional relationships.

1. Search Smart

The directory allows you to filter lawyers by practice area. Instead of scrolling endlessly, use these filters to zero in on professionals who specialize in your specific legal needs. This saves time and ensures you’re reaching the right person.

2. Review Profiles Thoroughly

Each lawyer’s profile contains valuable information about their expertise, experience, and contact details. Take the time to read carefully before reaching out. Tailoring your message to their specialization shows respect and increases the likelihood of a positive response.

3. Craft a Clear Introduction

When contacting a lawyer, introduce yourself properly. Briefly explain your legal issue and mention why you chose them. A concise, respectful message sets the tone for a productive conversation.

4. Engage Professionally

Lawyers appreciate clarity. Avoid vague requests like “I need help.” Instead, outline your situation, your goals, and any deadlines. Professional communication builds trust and demonstrates seriousness.

5. Schedule Consultations

Most lawyers prefer structured conversations. Politely ask about consultation availability and fees. Respecting their time shows you value their expertise and helps establish a professional relationship from the start.

6. Prepare Beforehand

Before your consultation, gather all relevant documents, questions, and timelines. Being prepared makes the session more productive and signals that you are committed to resolving your issue.

7. Follow Up Respectfully

If you don’t get a reply immediately, wait a few days before sending a polite reminder. Persistence is good, but professionalism is better. Avoid spamming or pressuring—lawyers are more likely to respond positively to courteous follow-ups.

8. Build Long-Term Relationships

Don’t only reach out when you’re in trouble. Engage lawyers for insights, updates, or preventive advice. Building rapport today can save you stress tomorrow and ensures you have trusted professionals in your corner.

The Legalnaija Directory is designed to make connecting with lawyers simple and effective. By searching smart, communicating clearly, and engaging professionally, you can find the right lawyer for your journey and build lasting relationships that support your legal needs.

@Legalnaija

Free Access to Lawyers Directory for All Nigerian Lawyers and Law Firms

by Legalnaija | Dec 18, 2025 | Blawg

Legalnaija has officially announced that its flagship Lawyers Directory will now be free for all Nigerian lawyers and law firms. This landmark decision follows more than four years of building and sustaining the platform, which has grown to become one of the most visible online resources for connecting lawyers with clients in Nigeria.

A Platform Built for Accessibility

Launched over four years ago, the Legalnaija Lawyers Directory was designed to make lawyers more accessible, visible, and connected to clients. Today, the directory ranks at the top of Google search results for lawyers in Nigeria — a clear testament to its impact and reach.

By removing subscription barriers, Legalnaija is reaffirming its commitment to promoting access to justice and strengthening the Rule of Law through technology.

Effective immediately, lawyers and law firms can access the basic subscription to the Lawyers Directory completely free of charge.

• Verified lawyers can log in to activate their free yearly or monthly subscription via app.legalnaija.com/signin.
• New lawyers can begin the sign-up process at app.legalnaija.com/signup.
• Clients seeking legal services can connect with lawyers directly through app.legalnaija.com.

Legalnaija invites lawyers across Nigeria to take advantage of this opportunity, get listed, and be part of a growing digital community that is reshaping access to justice. With over four years of resilience, growth, and innovation, the Lawyers Directory is set to continue empowering lawyers and clients alike for decades to come.

This Christmas, Gift Knowledge 📚⚖️

by Legalnaija | Dec 8, 2025 | Blawg

This Christmas, Gift Knowledge 📚⚖️

Looking for the perfect gift for your favorite lawyer, mentor, colleague, or even yourself?

🎁 Introducing the Legal Book Hamper — a curated basket of essential Nigerian law books covering everything from Commercial Law to Maritime Law, Tax, Procurement, and more.

Because nothing says “I value your mind” like a bundle of wisdom.

✅ Perfect for:

– Young and senior lawyers

– Law students

– Legal mentors

– Corporate counsel

Let’s make this season about growth, learning, and celebrating the brilliance of the legal profession.

Hampers available in 2 bundles:

✨ Dispute Resolution Expert Hamper https://legalnaija.com/product/litigation-and-adr-expert-bundle/

✨ Corporate Law Expert Hamper https://legalnaija.com/product/business-law-bundle/

📍 Order now from the Legalnaija Bookstore

📞 Call: 09029755663

🛒 Shop: Legalnaija.com/store